The Chinese strategy is multifaceted, encompassing economic diplomacy, political maneuvering, and cultural influence. Economic diplomacy, exemplified by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), aims to build infrastructure and foster economic interdependence between China and developing countries. This strategy has been criticized for its potential for debt trap diplomacy and for exacerbating existing inequalities.

China’s foreign policy towards the Global South is characterized by a focus on non-interference, development, South-South cooperation, and the use of multilateral institutions. This approach is presented as a way to advocate for the interests of the Global South. However, the emerging solidarity between Beijing and various African and Asian nations is not solely based on ideological alignment.

This principle, while seemingly neutral, can be used to legitimize authoritarian practices and mask the suppression of human rights. The principle of non-interference, often invoked by authoritarian regimes, allows them to avoid taking responsibility for human rights violations within their own borders. This principle, however, can be manipulated to justify the suppression of dissent and the persecution of minorities. For instance, in the Gulf states, where women face significant restrictions on their rights, the principle of non-interference is often used to deflect criticism and maintain the status quo. Similarly, in countries like Syria and Iran, where political dissidents are persecuted, the principle of non-interference is used to shield the regime from international scrutiny and accountability.

This has led to significant investments in infrastructure, particularly in transportation and energy sectors. However, the BRI’s impact on Africa has been mixed. While it has brought about some positive outcomes, such as improved connectivity and access to energy, it has also been criticized for its opaque and often exploitative nature.